Gloria is in Panglao, Bohol today, one of the provinces that she posted an unbelievable win in the 2004 elections. She has announced building an international airport there. Read this piece on the folly of that project.
By Ernesto M. Pernia
Philippine Daily Inquirer
International airports are a humdrum topic until one realizes that we have too many of them, yet we do not have enough food, power, water and other basic needs. The subject comes to mind because another international airport is to break ground this month in Panglao Island, Bohol. President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo herself is scheduled to preside over the ceremony.
The project was first conceptualized more than 20 years back when hardly anyone even dreamed that the island would become a world-renowned tourist attraction. With the typical on-again, off-again manner of government planning, not too many people paid attention to the project. Of late, however, it’s been rushed supposedly so that it can be completed in two years, before the end of the President’s and the provincial governor’s term in 2010.
The key question is: Does the country need another international airport in addition to the nine existing ones (Laoag, Clark, Subic, NAIA, Iloilo, Mactan, Davao, General Santos, Zamboanga, not to mention the one planned for Cagayan de Oro)?
Consider the most recent available data comparing the Philippines with its neighbors in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). It seems clear that the Philippines has over-extended itself. It already has more international airports than Thailand and Malaysia, and certainly many more than warranted by pertinent indicators.
How can so many international airports be justified in the Philippines with the smallest land area among the four countries, the least number of tourists, a GDP per capita just slightly above Indonesia’s which is the lowest, and—shamefully—the highest poverty incidence (percent of population below the official poverty line)?
One has to wonder how our country’s leaders can in good conscience countenance the proliferation of international airports that are mostly underutilized, while more basic infrastructure and social services remain inadequate and one of three Filipinos exists in deep and grinding poverty! An additional international airport will be superfluous, a misallocation of resources and a sheer waste of scarce investible funds in a poor country.
There’s another sobering thought. Upon us appears to be an era of increasing supply-demand imbalances and ecological instability, highlighted by the global food crisis, inexorable rise in oil prices and climate change. These are likely to adversely affect international travel and tourism.
It follows that an international airport in Bohol (and, for that matter, the one in Cagayan de Oro) will be hard to justify on sound economic grounds. The case is made additionally weaker given the proximity of Mactan International Airport. One can’t avoid likening it to the controversial NBN-ZTE project, a broadband network that was to electronically link the national government with the LGUs up to the remotest barrios. It has been criticized, among others, as wasteful because there already exist two such privately provided broadband networks that could well be extended for the purpose if electric power in the provinces can be improved.
However, assuming for argument’s sake that Bohol needs an international airport: Why in Panglao of all places? It’s the province’s crown jewel. Its powdery white-sand beaches and world-renowned biodiversity coupled with its rustic character are what make the island unique and particularly inviting. Indeed, it has been declared by UNESCO a world heritage site, a recognition of the province’s vaunted policy of ecotourism and balanced development.
An airport would damage Panglao’s ecology, if not in the short run, certainly in the long run. When that happens the very purpose of the airport would be defeated as tourists would shun a damaged environment. Note, for instance, the deterioration of Boracay’s ecology owing to wanton overbuilding and commercialization even sans an international airport.
Bohol may need a more adequate domestic airport which could be located elsewhere. And, obviously, that would cost only a fraction of the amount for an international airport. The extra resources could then be put to better use in boosting food production, improving water and power supply and enhancing education and health services. Bohol’s poverty incidence (34.9 percent in 2003) is higher than the national average.
One can rephrase the earlier question. How can Bohol’s leaders in good conscience be proud of an expensive and questionable project when more than one of three Boholanos live in absolute poverty? Do our local Neroes fiddle while people suffer?
A major reason advanced by political leaders for going ahead with the project—despite unanswered questions—is that preparations are far too advanced and funds have been committed. Doesn’t this reflect bankrupt thinking? First, funds are fungible, i.e., can be reallocated to better use. Secondly, it’s never too late. An analogy is a person who is in imminent danger of contracting cancer. Shouldn’t his physician give the right advice and shouldn’t the patient dutifully oblige just because it’s too late?
The analogy is limited, however. If the patient ignores the doctor’s advice, that’s his personal choice with no negative externality (societal impact). By contrast, if the international airport is pursued despite reservations and risks, the negative externalities will be on society at-large—of the present and future generations.
(Ernesto M. Pernia, Ph.D., is professor of economics, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, and former lead economist, Asian Development Bank.)
with loose security, these are virtually escape ports…
Ang maganda diyan,puntahan ang mga paliparan na iyan, kunin ang dapat kunin at ibenta sa junkshop para may pambili ng pagkain.
Pagawa ng pagawa ng airport wala palang makakain.
Ang ibig niyang sabihin ganito; “Airport sa bawat hapagkainan.”?
Another wasteful project. This will add to the deficit spending of the country.
papaanong hindi dadami ang mga Airport at daungan dumadami na rin kasi ang mga smugglers,kaya ito ang request nila sa gobyerno, ano pa…..
Another source of mega-corruption, indeed.
Kung airports ang hilig, di pagbigyan. She can put up international airports dito, diyan, doon. Kung sa Panglao, we might need now a visa just to go to Bohol finally.
someday, it will be a good place to fly a kite with the background music from Mary Poppins, Let’s Go Fly a Kite..with only tupence left of our pockets, that’s all we may afford…kites…
Sa mga bank robbers, bakit kayo namamaril at pumapatay ng mga tao. Mas madali na ikarga sa 4×6 ang mga gamit sa Panglao airport, at gaya ng sabi ni Golberg ay ibenta.
Offtopic. Bakit hindi ako naniniwala na napatay ng mga pulis sa enkwento kuno ang suspect sa Calamba massacre? Imagine, twice massacre in Laguna alone in a week!
Ang hirap maniwala sa lahat ng galamay ni Tongpats Kwin Gloria lalo na at si Razon ay wala ring kredibilidad. Nanganak na ng husto ang kasinungalingan ni Gloria.
Lahat ng pinoy ay nasa line of fire na. Sobrang bold na ang mga kriminal, may pagmamanahan kasi!
Balita ko ay ibinoto raw ni Tongpats Kwin Gloria ang chocolate hills sa Bohol as one of world wonders. Marahil, akala ni tianak ay susugurin ng turistas ang chocolate hills and other wonders of Bohol during her (remaining?)kakorapan years.
Mas malamang na bayad-utang iyan sa gobernador na nandaya para sa kanya noong 2004. The airport construction is a very rich source of corruption for her and her favorite local official. Never mind ecology and preservation of heritage site, wala kay Gloria ang mga issues na iyan. The bitch’s only concern pagkakakawartahan!
Exit point din ni Gloria ang Panglao airport kapag naghuramentado na ang kapinuyan dahil sa walang bigas, walang kuryente, walang gas, walang tubig, walang trabaho at wala ng lupang hinirang!
sana ayusin na lang nila ang airport sa manila at davao.maliit naman ang pinas para magkaroon ng maraming intl airports. from manila to davao ay mga 600 kms lang siguro.problema ito lang sa manila di nila maayos, huling uwi namin, ng umulan sa labas ay umulan din sa loob.may budget sa pag gawa ng bago pero wala naman yata para sa maintenance.
“…huling uwi namin, ng umulan sa labas ay umulan din sa loob.- norpil
Basta don’t bring along your mahal na apo, baka ma-airport culture shock kahit beybi pa. 🙂
hanga talaga ako sa priorities ni pandak! to think na yun mga doktor doon sa bohol ay nanghihingi ng donations para magamot nila yun mga mahihirap na pasyente na walang kapera pera pambili lang ng paracetamol!
Offtopic.
Leftist solon dies in fall while fixing roof
BY WENDELL VIGILIA (www.malaya.com)
ANAKPAWIS party list Rep. Crispin Beltran, one of the country’s respected veteran labor leaders, died yesterday after falling 14 feet from the roof of his house in San Jose del Monte, Bulacan. He was 75.
“Ka Bel” died of brain injuries at 11:48 a.m. at the Far Eastern University Hospital in Fairview, Quezon City.
***
Nakakalungkot naman. Konti na lang sila na lumalaban sa mapang-aping rehimen ay sumakabilang-buhay pa si Ka Bel.
Good journey, Ka Bel!
Kaya maraming airports, di ba nga may kasabihang, “If PIGS could fly…”
Chi,
Last Friday, sinundo ko Mommy ko sa San Pedro Laguna para naman makapag-mall. Gulat ko pag labas ng subdivision (10:00 AM), ang daming pulis sa kalye, mga naka-armalite, pinatitigil yung mga SUV/Vans. Kaya ako nagulat dahil ang San Pedro, 42 lang ang pulis, hatiin mo pa sa shifts tapos alisin mo yung administrative at desk personnel, iilan lang ang makikita mo talaga sa kalye.
Pero nung araw na iyon marami sila, kaya pala wala pang 30 minutes na hinoldap yung RCBC sa Cabuyao at pinatay yung 9 na bank personnel at 1 client. Sa ulo lahat ang tama.
Nagulat ako sa news dahil yung lugar na iyon (Barangay Diezmo) ay kung nasaan yung Light Industry and Science Park. Kabisado ko yung lugar dahil may lupa yung dating kumpanya namin sa LISP. Tahimik yung park, secure, gated, maayos – kaya maraming locators doon na foreign-owned factories. Pero siguradong takot ngayon yung mga foreigners dahil sa labas lang ng park yung RCBC, sigurado ring maraming nagbabangko sa kanila doon.
Sabi ng Mommy ko sa loob ng 8 years niya doon, mga 2 times lang siyang nakakita ng pulis sa subdivision, kaya rampant ang akyat bahay. Pero pag malaking balita, nasa kalye lahat sila, mukhang nagtatrabaho.
Gaya ng pelikulang Tagalog, dumadating yung pulis kung tapos na.
Nagulat din ako sa balitang napatay yung suspect sa Calamba massacre. Buong bayan hinahanap siya, akalain mong bumalik sa bahay niya. Parang hindi kapanipaniwala ano?
Kaya naman pala bumibili si sabit swingson ng eroplano niya dito sa US. These airports will be an easy access to the crooks too.
Instead of building these infrastructures, the government should stimulate the local economy first, give the basic needs of the locals, then go international!
Iyang mga international airports na iyan, maraming uubusing pera diyan. Imagine, maglalagay ka ng immigration, customs, quarantine, security, at air controllers, puwera pa yung building at equipment, tapos may eroplano lang tuwing summer, 2 flights a week.
Pwede na ang helipad o short strip gaya nung airport papuntang El Nido. Bakit kailangan pang international? Tama yung nagsabi sa itaas. Smuggling entry point lang iyan.
Boba talaga (o bugok) itong si La Whore da Economissed.
Tongue T
Yan ang tinatawag na police visibility. Ang bilis kapag tapos na ang pangyayari dahil darating ang media at baka sakali makita sila sa tv. Ganun.
Taragis na iyan, yung NAIA, dagdag ng dagdag ng terminal (na hindi naman matapos) para raw ma-handle yung mas malaking traffic. Akala ba nila madadagdagan ang maglalanding doon kung iisa pa rin ang runway? Yung Runway 06-24 ng NAIA maraming naiinis na piloto dahil pag nagkasabay-sabay ikot ka ng ikot sa itaas. Pag may isang eroplanong nadisgrasya, tapos na, Clark na lahat ang bagsak, baku-bako pa ang runway. Hindi naman puwedeng mag-divert sa Bohol, ano sira?
Papuputol ko ang ari ni FG kapag hindi nagkaroon ng kurakutan dyan sa construction ng airport na yan sa Panglao. At kung sakaling maging operational yan, hindi magtatagal, magiging mapanglaw yan dahil walang flights katulad ng ibang mga domestic airports. Eh ito, international? Suma total nyan, white pig, I mean, white elephant.
Gawin na lang rice field yan at taniman ng palay, baka matuwa pa ang mga Boholanong namamanglaw sa kahirapan.
Tongue,
Oo nga, nagkakagulo ang pulis kapag tapos na ang aksyon. “May 200 ka dito”!
Prof, Pernia said it all in this:
An additional international airport will be superfluous, a misallocation of resources and a sheer waste of scarce investible funds in a poor country.
Kung strip lang ang gagawin, e di walang tongpats. Saka hindi pakikinabangan ni d’horsey, batchoy at toh!
TP,
It’s like the Tongpats Kwin would love to look good, bulok naman.
A small country and a poor one like ours should only have three international airport – one on each (Luzon, Visaya & Mindanao). Over extended na nga but of course our tiyanak wants to put more cause it will first insure her 2010 election, but most of all, may kurakot na naman iyan. I will bet my life on it, may loan na kasama ito (like ZTE) and the loan is over by 100%+ than what it should be. What I cannot understand is where are the other branches of the government that should check those things? Isn’t there a check and balance (supposed to be) in our system?
God bless our country, especially our people.
Hello, ito ay off-topic pero gusto ko maliwanagan ang taong bayan. Sana ma-inventario ang lahat-lahat na utang ng Pinas. Baka mabigla na lang tayong lahat na ang kikitain ng bansa kulang na kulang pa ibayad sa utang at magkano ang nautang ni Ramos at ngayon si Gloria at saan projects napunta ang mga ito.
Chi,
The bank robbers have trained very well. They are soldiers and policemen and assets. They are funded with intelligence funds. Like those balelengs. The massacres are their practicums only.
Airports are solutions to the foreseen traffic problems in the country. There will be domestic airports for each barangay. Internationals for the provinces to augment the highways to heaven and Shenzhen.
Valdemar,
Oo nga e. They acted with precision.
Hahahaha! airports “to augment the highways to heaven and Shenzhen”. OK toh, Val.
Salamat at nakabalik na ako….
Kaya gumagawa ng maraming international airport si Gloria ay para mas mapadali ang pagtakas niya papuntang Hong Kong o Shenzhen o sa kung saan man pagdating ng oras ng paniningil ng taumbayan sa mga kasalanan niya….
There’s no international airport in Boracay. yet tourists flock there. That simply tells us that tourists don’t go to a place because it has an international airport.
We don’t need many mediocre international airports in the country.
We need one very good international airport in Manila. Not in Bohol.
I doubt if international airlines in fact would want to fly to Bohol which is just right across Cebu. Ang sabihin ninyo, malaki kasi ang kupit diyan, and who knows, baka inaakala ni Gloria Dorobo, magagawa ulit nila iyong panglolokong ginawa nila doon sa German company na nalugi doon sa airport sa Manila. Kakutsaba iyong mga intsik na ngayon hindi na makakapaglabas ng pera dahil sa kalamidad na nangyari sa bansa nila. Magaling talaga sa racket ang mag-asawang Pidal! Kapaaaal!
Ang pinakamamagandang lugar sa mundo ay nararating via strips, bulok-bulok na bus, comfortable bus o mercedez taxi cab (sa Europe), tren, ferry/ boat at kadilakad, hindi ng malalaking eroplano.
Hindi marunong magbiyahe ang assumptionistang social climber Tongpats Kwin. Kasama sa turismo ang adventure, unless na ang turistas sa Chocolate hills na paglalaanan ni Gloria ng kurakot Panglao airport ay puro octogenarian.
Sino’ng gagong International Airliner ang maglalanding sa Bohol, sige nga? Kung yung NAIA na premier airport ayaw landingan ng mga European at American planes, Bohol pa! Yung Airbus A380 natatakot i-land sa 06-24 dahil sa laki, baka bumaon sa runway e iyon na ang trend ng aviation ngayon, palakihan.
Unless meron pang International Airlines na nagpapalipad ng DC-10 o Islander, bwahaha!
It is one thing to build an international airport and another thing entirely to keep it up to world aviation standards. How many of our airports actually have updated air traffic control radar systems? How many of our airports actually have Doppler radar systems, a requirement by the FAA, in service? We are building too many, too fast as though it were that simple.
Before the present dispensation gets buried under its own excrement, what about NAIA 3? Before building new ones i think the public has a right to see that giant moth-ball of an air terminal up and running. The government owes us that at least.
How many of our air traffic controllers are actually trained to do the job? Remember the mid air collisions in Plaridel Bulacan? Three air incidents in a span of a few months apart. What ever happened to the investigation there? Was an air traffic controller suspended or even fired? 90% of the time, pag may mid-air collision air traffic controller ang may sala. Sino na naman ang binayaran?
What about seeing to aircraft safety? Is the ATO now the civil aviation authority really doing its job to see that every airline company follows strict safety guidelines and maintenance procedures? NO! WHY? How many mishaps, emergency landings, delays or mechanical troubles does an airline company have to have before the ATO really enforces its will? One domestic airline company suffers these mechanical troubles like clockwork regularly. Antayin pa ba nating may mag crash bago kumilos?! God forbid!
Ang sabihin ninyo, wala nang maisip si Fatso na puede nilang makurakot na raket. Airport naman ngayon ang raket. Iyong airport sa Bohol, pihado magiging center of smuglling operation iyan gaya ng iba pang port sa Pilipinas ma-bapor o eroplano. O baka naman balak ni ungas na ipahiram sa mga kano iyong gagawin sa Bohol gawa nang puno na siguro iyong ginagamit na bodega para sa mga armas ng mga kano na ginagamit sa Mindanao?
Point is, bistadong-bistado na, papaano pang nakakataga ang mga iyan sa palasyong katabi ng mabahong ilog? Tindi!
Legacy daw kaya kailangan na mag-iwan sa isipan ng mga kabataan na hindi nagpabaya si bulilit at mga spindoctors nito.
Nek-nek talaga ang tinamaan ng 1,001 na kawalanghiyaang kabuteng dwendeng babaing ‘yan! true and sinasabi ng iba d’yan, kurakot na naman at gateway to hell or Shenchen lang ‘yan!
Namamatay na sa gutom ang karamihan, hayan at ang naiisip ay mga international na paliparan! Lumilipad na nga siguro ang utak ng babaing ‘yan!
Oh, Lord, please help naman!!!
Ellen,
Palawan and Mindoro also boast of world class resorts. Amanpulo, for example, gets visited regularly by Hollywood biggies, the jetsetters, and Royal brats. These people don’t even bring their private jets. They just discreetly take the commercial flights to NAIA and make transfer via Anscor’s or SeaAir’s hangars.
Why does Gloria want planes directly to tourist spots, because she wants to hide the decay of the metropolis she is largely responsible for?
Di naman kailangan ang mga international airports. Sakay na lang habal-habal style sa mga jet pilots ng Capiz-Iloilo area.
Kung ang mga ginagastos sa isang katutak na international airports sa maliit na Pinas ay sa konstruksyon ng mga tulay…isla sa isla, di sana ay medyo madali ang pag-transport ng produce.
chi,
Kahit na lang tulay sa Boracay. May patunghan di tulad ng ibang tulay… May phobia ako sa mga ferries doon.
Val,
Di pa ako nakarating sa Boracay pero nakabili ako ng shirt na may BORACAY (Pinas tatak) sa Ex en Provance (France). The shop owner told me that they (a couple) were so impressed with the area and loved the ferries, hahaha!
Pero kung magkaroon ng tulay sa Boracay ay pupunta ako. Meron kasi ako na phobia sa dagat, heheh!
Teka, what will the tulay konek…to Boracay?
chi,
Actually my crusade is to remove the outriggered ferries all over the country. It adds to the death roosters of numerous marine disasters. It does not pass any safety convention. Ask any authority, the coast guard and the Marina or even a seasoned mate. If they say its safe, they are possibly on the take.
The bridge? Its an alternative. The length of the Kamuning overpass is enough to connect the mainland tip at Caticlan and Boracay Island.
At first I declined the promo airplane ticket from my daughter. I should know already what to expect to see there, some thatches and horrible jelly fishes. I insisted I have already seen the best abroad. Actually she couldnt stem anymore my pathetic figure before the computer nook here in the house 24/7. Somehow she found a way to get me out with her mother. I assure you that you would regret so much for not taking a dip there if you knew what I found out there.
I was watching Ricky Carandang last night and the topic was Gloria’s stop order to implement open skies policy, in Clark specifically. The guests were pro-opening up of Clark to international airlines which policy, according to them, preceded the tourism success in Bali, Indonesia for example which increased tourist arrivals from 3,000 to 3.3 Million after opening up. Or Cambodia which did the same and increased tourists a thousand times.
I was more convinced Gloria’s solution of creating more international airports was not the right prescription after all. It only serves the protectionist interests of airline moguls Lucio Tan and John Gokongwei. They also discussed, and proved, that the increased volume of tourists will not leave our local carriers with a smaller piece of the pie since the pie itself will get bigger.
Singaporean budget carrier Tiger Airways, which used to serve the SE Asian market from out of Clark has apparently stopped its operations there. Tiger Air was charging passengers less than a hundred dollars one-way from DMIA compared to PAL’s about $200 and SIA’s $300. I don’t know Cebu Pacific’s fare. Budget planes are a good alternative especially for OFWs who won’t mind the more cramped-than-usual leg and headroom. In-flight entertainment and food are also not available in budget but if you’re flying only an hour or two, who needs movies? Same with food and cocktails. What matters to most OFWs is the cost of traveling, which they have to deduct from the montly remittances to their families. The substantial savings more than offsets the comforts.
The problem is that government doesn’t want to give TigerAir a permit to land in Clark longer than 3 months. How does a budget airline plan its business – building an office, hiring office staff and technical personnel, etc. – when it does not have the assurance of continued operations in its target market? It’s simply foolish, they had to leave.
Now, after TigerAir, UPS leaves, too. What happens with the investment in DMIA, which by the way would not have been completed had the then Secretary of Trade Mar Roxas not spent P300M of its own funds to repair the bumpy runway because Gloria would not order her Public Works Secretary to do so. Roxas’ efforts, which saved the deal for the UPS hub at that time, today had all gone to naught.
It seems this government is concerned more of the businesses of its allies and cronies than really promoting the plight of OFWs and the tourism industry which has the potential of bringing in the dollars without having to send our workers away.
I can’t understand the logic in these dumb and incoherent policies – the opening of more airports and limiting foreign airlines at the same time.
It seems to confirm what we’ve suspected all along, that this fake president is also a fake economist!
Siyanga pala, after UPS totally ships out of the Phils., the favored crony-owned parcel deliverer, Aboitiz’ 2Go, will only have DHL to contend with, until it’s gone too.
Right now, the two biggest company’s that gave up on the country’s erstwhile robust logistics industry, FedEx and UPS, can now be called, well, fed-ups.
Thanks for the tips, Val.
Pagbisita ko sa Pinas, baka sakaling mura na ang pasahe puntang Boracay, I would love to see it kung beauty talaga. Ito kasing doctor namin ay nag-surfing daw diyan at ang daming kwento.
Got a loving daughter ha, nice.
Tongue,
E hindi pwedeng maging Bali or Cambodia ang Pinas pagdating sa turismo hanggat si Gloria ang lider-lideran. Kasi ay wala namang advisory ang foreign countries against travelling there. Sa Pinas, maya’t-maya ay may travel notice na ‘iwasan’ pasyal diyan.
Ang solusyon para dumami ang turismo sa maganda nating bansa ay iligpit muna si tianak dahil ang mga kababuyang policies niya ang nagtataboy sa mga turista.
Tongue,
Sana ang huling DHL package ay 4×6 na maligna!
I agree with you, Tongue-twisted. This government, if that is what it is called, does not know which end is up and of late has been digging deeper into their own arses to hide the stink they have created. The more they hide it, the more that stinking fart fills the air.
The entry of UPS and Tiger, among others would have been a great idea had the illegitimate dispensation worked on them as great investment opportunities. Unfortunately, gma seems to prefer her “friends” over what is best for the nation as a whole.
Tourism, played correctly, is a great Dollar booster for the country, and yes, we don’t have to keep losing our kababayans in favor of another nation. When you play governance right, investments would pour in and tourism will definitely benefit. Building airports is not a solution to bringing in tourists if all they see to land on is the garbage generated by this government.
May she realize, before it’s too late, that her head is in her arse so that she could pull it out and get a well deserved clean up.
Surplus of airport is not exactly for the purpose of showcasing the Philippines. Lumang tugtugin na iyan. Iyan ngayon pihado ang iniisip ng mag-asawang mandarambong na pagkakuwartahan hangga’t handang magpaloko pa rin sa kanila ang sambayanang pilipino. Golly, iyong mga position sa gobyerno isa-isa nang inihahandog doon sa mga kurakot ng militar! Balang araw mapapanganak ang SLORC ng Pilipinas! Huwag naman sana!
There were adverse remarks when the Leyte-Samar bridge was built. Now the bridge is our pride. But international airports! Por diez for santo, like the bridges that lead to nowhere and soon no jet planes will fly anymore. The big airlines in the US are cutting trips. Smaller companies have crashed already into bankruptcy. Good thing we can fly anything with or without wings. Most are coffins. Some leave their lower half on the ground while they fly by night.
Why another international airport? I think Ernie Pernia, an economist, must have overestimated Gloria’s capability as another economist (kuno!). Well, maybe this lady remembers her Econ 101 re: the principle of “cheaper by the dozen”. This time, it’s wrongly applied in Panglao. Palpak na naman, or maybe this is another kurakutan galore?
chi,
Yung 4 x 6 ilaglag ng eroplano pagdating sa Spratlys. Malay mo saklolohan siya ng submarine ng China na nakatambay ngayon doon.